Bob Koning’s latest story was titled “Whalen – The Other Side of the Story” (you can read it here). In his research, he says the following: “23 civilians were killed and were not remembered. Wahlen has no church anymore. … It felt weird: 23 civilians were killed and there was no place to remember them.”
He goes into a lot more detail on why there is no
church, and that the graves are now located in the neighboring village of
Steinfeld. But because there is no church in Wahlen the people there, several
of whom are descended from those civilians who were killed during the bombing
of 25 December 1944, no longer feel comfortable visiting the graves in the next
town.
Such a simple thing – the government decided to not
rebuild the church in Wahlen, the graves were moved to a different village, and
now they sit among weeds and small bushes with no one visiting them.
[Cemetery in Steinfeld]
But that got me to thinking – about how some simple
things (also associated with war) had significant outcomes.
Ruloffe Van der Kerr (VanDeCar)
I wrote the story of Ruloff, my wife’s great*5
grandfather, a few years ago (see here).
But why did he choose to enter the Revolutionary War on the side of the British
when all of his brothers and cousins sided with the colonists? As I looked at
all the details of the story, there were some simple things that accounted for
this.
The Van der Kerr family had been in the Hudson River
valley for over 100 years before Ruloffe was born in 1745. His
great-grandfather had been born there in 1637. So why would some still be
favorable with the British? There were a number of reasons.
The first is the terms that the British gave to these
Dutch inhabitants when they took over the Hudson River valley in 1664. While
Charles I was a horrible king (he was beheaded by order of the British
parliament), and his son, Charles II, was not much better, when agents of
Charles II approached the Dutch, they gave them very favorable terms. As you
can see here,
the Dutch got to keep their weapons, their ale houses could remain open, etc. The
terms even stated that “All people shall continue free Denizons and enjoy their
Lands, Houses, Goods, Ships, wherever they are within this Country, and dispose
of them as they please.” So the Dutch were given no reason to hate the new
British government (unlike people in other parts of the British empire).
A second reason is that about the time that Ruloffe
was born (in what was called at the time Loonenberg, but is now called Athens,
NY), the British colonies were involved in the French and Indian War. A man by
the name of Edward Jessup (1735-1816) (see here and here) had been living in
Dutchess County, NY, but served as a captain in the NY Militia in 1759. Following
the war, he and his brother moved to an area above Albany, NY where they
received 500,000 acres of land from the British Crown. The area where they
lived became associated with the British and remained so when the Revolutionary
War broke out not too many years later.
Meanwhile, Ruloffe had moved out of the farming
community where his relatives lived and had taken the profession of tanner and
shoemaker. This seemingly simple choice of occupation meant that instead of being
bound to the land, having other farmers as his principal contacts, and needing
to tend crops/animals every day, he associated with men who could afford shoes
and who walked as part of their everyday lives. These would have included men
like the Jessup brothers as well as British soldiers. Thus, when the war began,
30 y.o. Ruloffe had his allegiance to his customers, including the British,
instead of to the colonists who tended to be farmers. So he joined the group
known as Jessup’s Raiders.
When the war ended in the early 1780s, Ruloffe was
forced to flee to Canada. The British there, following their pattern,
reimbursed him for the losses he had suffered. He remained loyal to the British
for the remainder of his life. It was only after his death in 1830 that one of
his sons moved back to the US – but not to nearby NY. Rather he went to the
newly settled territory of Michigan which became a state in 1837.
One small thing – the choice of an occupation – but significant
consequences for Ruloffe.
Peach Tree Creek
Like my wife’s VanDeCar ancestors, my Russell ancestors
who lived in the Hudson River Valley were not unfamiliar with war either. My
great*5 grandfather, John Russell (1756-1833) had left his young wife and
newborn son to enlist with the NY militia on 1 May 1776 where he served until
Aug 1777. Thus, when the Civil War engulfed the country, it was not unexpected
that Stephen Simmons, the husband of my great*3 aunt, Rebecca Russell, also
enlisted in a NY regiment in the fall of 1862. Rebecca, together with their two
children (ages 10 and 9) moved back with her parents on the family farm. But
Stephen’s service was not confined to the Hudson River valley and by mid-1864
he found himself as part of General Sherman’s armies in northern Georgia.
On 17 July 1864, the Confederate President, Jefferson Davis,
had replaced General Joseph Johnston with General John Bell Hood, due to
Johnston’s practice of a strategy of retreat (see here
and here).
As Sherman’s armies were approaching Atlanta, Hood’s strategy was to allow the
Union Armies of Tennessee and Ohio to move east, but to attack the Union Army
of the Cumberland, under General George Thomas, as they were crossing Peach
Tree Creek and were most vulnerable. This was an excellent plan, however Hood
lacked the insight to realize that he needed to position his troops where they
could protect themselves from the Tennessee and Ohio forces on their right
while still engaging the Cumberland forces crossing the river.
The original plan called for Hood’s forces to attack
around 1-2 p.m. on 20 July, but because of the delay of about 90 minutes while
they shifted to the right, they were not ready to attack until 3:30-4:00. By
then the bulk of the Cumberland forces had completed crossing the creek and
this led to a victory by the Union forces instead of the Confederate forces. With
the Confederate forces once again being forced to retreat, the stage was set
for the Battle of Atlanta two days later.
Just a small delay of 90 minutes in a war that had
been going on for four years. But that simple delay was enough to change the
course of the war by allowing Sherman’s March to the Sea.
But that outcome did not change the experience of
Stephen Simmons. He was one of the casualties of the Battle of Peach Tree
Creek. His wife filed for a widow’s pension, remarried three years later, and
moved to CT with her new husband.
Simple things sometimes have significant consequences.
That’s partly why the study of history is so fascinating!