In 2007 I took early retirement and left behind the 40-hour work week. One of the things that I did to help occupy my time that first year was to spend additional time working with an exchange student organization, AFS Intercultural Programs. I had been acquainted with AFS (then called American Field Service) since 1966 when my parents hosted the first AFS student in our town. I was headed off to college, so Ingrid, my AFS sister from Norway, occupied my room while I was away. Then in 1996, when our daughter was a junior in high school and was interested in international business, we thought a year abroad would be a good experience for her and so she was an AFS exchange student to Norway. A few years later, we were informed that AFS was looking for host families and signed up – over the next several years hosting students from several countries. I also began volunteering for AFS which is how in 2007 I heard that there was an opportunity to participate in a volunteer activity to help write a country-specific host family handbook. This would supplement the existing host family handbook and contain information relative to the culture of a single country. I excitedly signed up (with the agreement of my wife, of course), and was accepted as a member of the team.
Germany
The team was going to be focusing on
exchanges between the US and Germany. There were a total of 14 team members – 7
from each country, one being a staff member from that country and the rest
being volunteers. We had about a year to put this handbook together – the US
handbook would eventually number about 60 pages. Both teams would meet together
for a week in Germany to exchange cultural information (we each had pre-work to
do in the form of presentations on specific aspects of our respective cultures –
concentrating on the issues likely to arise in host family – student interactions).
We would then have “homework” assignments where individuals or small groups
would work on specific aspects. Each team would then work in small teams to
construct a draft of the handbook for host families in our respective
countries. Then the entire team would meet in the US for several days to
review/critique each other’s work before the pair of complementary handbooks
would be published. (Note – in all the below, when I refer to the “German
handbook”, I’m referring to the handbook that was written to help U.S. Host
Families understand the cultural issues of German Participants. There is a
corresponding handbook, written in that native language to help host families
in that country understand participants from the U.S.) All work in-between
would be via email exchanges. Let me quote from the preface of the handbook:
“This handbook
represents the culmination of the work of fourteen AFS Volunteers and Staff –
seven from the U.S.A. and seven from Germany, dubbed the Transatlantic Orientation
Exchange. These group members were selected based on their level of experience
in both cultures as well as their proficiency in such areas as training and
curriculum design. Their work began in their respective countries the winter of
2007 as they further defined the scope of the project and conducted research on
the German and U.S. cultures. This process included a survey of families from
the previous three years who had wither hosted a German or U.S. American participant.
Over 1000 survey responses were received resulting in a rich pool of data that
informed the work of both groups leading up to their first international
meeting which took place in Bad Hersfeld, Germany in the fall of 2007.
“During the
meeting in Bad Hersfeld the volunteers and staff underwent a journey of
intercultural discovery similar to that of the AFS experience. Through information
sharing, self-reflection, and experiential activities, they gained valuable
insight about their own and “the other” culture, lending the project even more
intrigue to the individuals involved as they struggled at times to understand
their colleagues from overseas.
“The second
international meeting took place in the spring of 2008 in Chicago, Illinois.
This time group members reviewed the materials and activities produced since
the last meeting and developed plans to distribute and provide training around
them in their respective countries. Each group will meet in the fall of 2008 in
their home countries to complete an evaluation of the project and develop
recommendations on how to implement it with other AFS Partners.”
That first meeting in Bad Hersfeld was
unique in a couple of different ways. As the first of its kind, we had to
figure out not only how to relate as groups of volunteers from different
cultural backgrounds, but how to go about the task before us. We also were
concerned that we needed to make this a reproducible activity – so we needed to
document the process and the structure of the handbook in ways that future
groups of volunteers could benefit from our learnings. Between process,
structure, and content, it was challenging to keep the cultural aspects of what
we were doing at the forefront of our days. As you can see from the below
picture, I was one of only two male members in our combined teams – the other
being a college student from Germany who was a recent returnee of the program.
[Germany Team]
Bad Hersfeld is a small town pretty much
in the center of Germany – equidistant from Hamburg in the north and Munich in
the south. It also had good train access from all parts of the country,
including being just a two-hour train ride from Frankfort where the US team
landed. It was a good place to experience the culture that the US team was
tasked with writing about. While most of our days were spent in meetings on the
various aspects of culture, we did have time to walk about the town as well as
we had one “free” day where we all took a train ride to Eisenach, just to the
east and in the former East Germany. Eisenach is home not only of the birthplace
of Bach, but of the castle at Wartburg where Martin Luther wrote his German
translation of the Bible in the 1500s.
As mentioned above, we were working on a
complementary pair of handbooks. The USA team was writing a handbook for US
families who were hosting a student from Germany, and the German team was
writing a handbook for German families who were hosting a student from the USA.
So, we needed to both think through what things families in our respective
countries would need to be educated in, but we were simultaneously the “experts”
in our own culture for the other team.
Over the winter, we each worked on the
section of the handbook which we had assigned to us. At our second face-to-face
meeting in Chicago, we got to see everything put together and could review each
other’s work. And the USA team got to repay our German counterparts by being
the host for their time in this country. The first version of our handbook was
made available to host families that summer and, after a few tweaks, a revised
version was published in June 2009.
That fall, the USA team met for a last
time – at a “cabin” owned by one of the team members on a small pond in Cabot,
a town in northern Vermont. Spending a weekend in a cabin with six ladies from
across the US was an interesting cultural experience on its own – I had to be
on my best behavior! As mentioned above, not only did we make some final tweaks
to the handbook based on our reflections over the summer, but we focused on
ensuring that our entire process was reproducible so that we could develop
similar country-specific handbooks for other countries.
We also made two other decisions that
would have impact on the future projects. The first was that in addition to a
defined process and structure, it would be helpful to have an individual lead
the project who was familiar with the process and structure, i.e., one of us.
As you will see below, we followed this advice. The second was that we needed
to have some organization to sponsor the work. The initial USA-Germany project
was paid for by a grant that AFS-Germany had gotten of money that was still
left from the Marshall Plan – the US funds that were given to Germany in the
aftermath of WWII to help rebuild their economy. The AFS-USA office would be
key in locating a source of funds.
Austria
Because the culture of Germany and Austria
are so similar, I offered to undertake the task of retrofitting the handbook we
had developed to meet the needs of USA families hosting students from Austria.
This involved not just changing the word “Germany” to “Austria”, but removing
the background information about the project and any German-specific cultural
issues. I worked with the AFS-USA staff as well as with an individual in the
AFS-Austria office to ensure that the results were culturally correct from an
Austrian perspective. This second handbook was published in 2009 just as was
the final version of the German handbook. While the German handbook was about
60 pages, the Austrian one was only 45 pages due to the removed materials.
Thailand
In 2009, the AFS-USA office procured
funding for future projects from the Kennedy-Lugar YES (Youth Exchange and
Study) office at the US State Department. This would only fund handbooks relating
to countries to which the YES scholarships were awarded. This also meant that
the resultant handbooks were in the public domain and could be used by other
exchange organizations that handled students from those countries.
For the first YES country, we chose
Thailand – the YES country that sends the most students to US each year. I
agreed to be the team lead for this team. Many on the team chose to take an
opportunity to go to Thailand in advance of our meetings and to spend some time
visiting other places than Bangkok. I went early as well, but spent those days
in the home of a girl, Noon, and her family. My wife and I had hosted her a few
years earlier and I had visited her in Thailand previously as well.
As the first of the YES-sponsored
handbooks, we needed to eliminate any AFS-specific information and replace it with
corresponding information from the YES program as it would be used by other
exchange agencies as well. But we found that the structure that we had
established for the German handbook worked very well and we only needed a few
tweaks. The resultant handbook, like the German one, was about 60 pages.
Since the AFS-Thailand office is also in
Bangkok, we were able to visit it and see how their operation differed from
that in the USA. I was also able to participate in the “selection camp” where AFS-Thailand
interviews students who have applied and selects who gets to participate (at
the time they had 14,000 applicants for 700 available slots, so the competition
is pretty intense). Thailand’s culture is much more different from that in the
USA than the difference between the USA and Germany. So, the task of identifying
the key differences that we needed to educate our USA host families on was
fairly daunting. But the resultant handbook which the team delivered later that
year worked very well and also set the stage for other YES-sponsored handbooks.
[Thailand Handbook Cover]
I also had the opportunity a few years
later, when I was serving on the AFS-USA Board of Directors, to return to
Thailand for one last time and to spend an evening with the AFS-Thailand
members of our group. Making friends in other countries is always so
delightful! I’ve written about my experiences in Thailand before here,
including more about the selection camp mentioned above. I recommend reading
that additional information.
Ghana
While all the above was going on, we
learned that there was an AFS-USA volunteer, Kathleen, who was interested in
producing a handbook for US families hosting students from Ghana. Kathleen was
a public health nurse and during her career had lived in Ghana for several
months giving technical assistance to the CDC-WHO STOP (Stop Transmission of
Polio) project. So, she had a real heart for the country and had already
gathered much material that could be used for a host family handbook. But she
needed help in organizing it and a structure for presenting it. While she was
in California and I was in Pennsylvania, I agreed to work with her to take her
raw material and convert it to a suitable handbook that could be part of our
growing library of host family handbooks.
For several months, we had an active email
interchange as I supplied the structure and additional material to supplement
what she had already gathered. We also got the AFS-USA office involved as well
as a staff person from the AFS-Ghana office to validate our work (that’s
another interesting cultural aspect of preparing these handbooks –
understanding the cultural workings of adults in the other country and how to
elicit appropriate responses to our questions).
So, even though Kathleen and I never had a
face-to-face meeting, nor did we visit Ghana during the project, the resultant
handbook was equally as useful and demonstrated the robustness of the structure
and process that we had defined for the original German handbook.
Other Countries
Over the next few years, using the structure
and process defined by the team working on the original German handbook, initially
following the advice of having each new team chaired by someone from a prior
team (toward the end the process was well-enough defined that we dropped this
requirement), and going to other countries where YES scholarships were offered
(and thus having funding available), there were seven additional handbooks
written:
· Egypt – including
Mary Ann from the Germany team
· Turkey – including
Lynn from the Germany team and Kathleen from the Ghana team
· India – editorial assistance
by myself
· Indonesia
· Malaysia
· Pakistan –
including Holly from the Thailand team
· South Africa
Final Thoughts
All of the above handbooks are located here
on the AFS-USA website. I’m proud
to have been able to participate in the development of so many of them. I’ve
not only made friends from around the world and around the USA, but I’ve
learned a lot myself about the cultures from these various countries.
The last of these eleven handbooks was
published around 2013 when we had covered the major countries where there are
YES scholarships available. It would be nice if more handbooks for other
countries could also be developed using this same format, but getting funding
and finding volunteers to take on these projects is not easy.
Understanding other cultures is a skill
that can have many uses. Even within the US, we have moved beyond the “melting
pot” of earlier generations and so we have “culture clashes” within the country
as well as between ourselves and cultures from other countries. I’m grateful to
have had the opportunity to develop cross-cultural awareness through my many
visits and interactions with individuals from around the world – not just in
the examples mentioned above. I wish that more people could have these kinds of
experiences – either by visiting other countries (and not just as a tourist!),
or by having individuals from other cultures stay in your home.
While the entire exchange industry has
been impacted by the COVID pandemic, there are still many students coming to
the US for the coming year who are waiting to be placed with host families. If
this is something that interests you, you can learn about available students on
the AFS-USA website here.
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